英语句子按其语气可分为四类:陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句。
陈述句:陈述一个事实或者说话人的看法的句子。分为肯定句和否定句。
eg. We will go to Shanghai tomorrow.
eg. He can’t stay here anymore.
疑问句:表示提出问题、询问情况的句子。分为一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反义疑问句。
eg. Are you a student?
eg. What does she doing now?
eg. Which one do you like, apple or banana?
eg. He is a driver, isn’t he?
祈使句:表示请求、命令、劝告、祝愿或建议的句子。主语一般为第二人称,但往往省略。
eg. Sit down, please.
eg. Don’t move!
eg. Let’s go to the park.
感叹句:表达喜、怒、哀、乐及惊奇、惊讶等强烈感情的句子。通常由what或how引导。
eg. What a beautify day!
eg. How interesting it is!
英语句子按其结构可分为三类:简单句、并列句、复合句。
简单句
只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语),即只包含一个主谓结构的句子叫简单句。根据句子的结构,可以把简单句归纳为五种基本句型:
1.主语+谓语(不及物动词)+(状语)
eg. We are studying.
eg. Birds sing beautiful.
eg. He has gone to London for holiday.
2.主语+系动词+(定语)+表语+(状语)
eg. I am a student.
eg. Lucy is a beautify girl.
eg. She is from China.
3.主语+谓语(及物动词)+(定语)+宾语+(状语)
eg. I like apples.
eg. They want to help him.
4.主语+谓语+(定语)+间接宾语+(定语)+直接宾语+(状语)
eg. My father gave me a black camera.
5.主语+谓语+(定语)+宾语+宾语补足语+(状语)
eg. They keep the classroom clean.
并列句
两个或两个以上的简单句用并列连词或标点符号连接而成的句子叫作并列句。
eg. They sat down and talked about something.
eg. Tom studied hard, but he didn’t pass the final exam.
复合句
复合句分为从属(主从)复合句和并列复合句。
从属复合句由一个主句和一个(或以上的)从句构成。
主句是句子的主体,通常可以独立存在;从句充当某种句子成分,不能独立存在。
根据从句充当的成分,从属复合句可分为:定语从句、状语从句、名词性从句。
其中,名词性从句又包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。
并列复合句是指并列句中的两个(或多个)分句中又内含从句。
eg. There are occasions when(on which) one must yield.
eg. He is the man whom/that I saw yesterday.