一、提纲式作文
1.对立观点式
A.有人认为X是好事，赞成X，为什么?
B.有人认为X是坏事，反对X，为什么?
C.我的看法。
SomepeopleareinfavoroftheideaofdoingX.Theypointoutthefactthat支持X的第一个原因。Theyalsoarguethat支持X的另一个原因。
However,otherpeoplestandonadifferentground.TheyconsideritharmfultodoX.Theyfirmlypointoutthat反对X的第一个理由。Anexamplecangivethedetailsofthisargument:一个例子。
Thereissometruthinbotharguments.ButIthinktheadvantagesofXoverweighthedisadvantages.Inadditiontotheabove-mentionednegativeeffectsitmightbringabout,XalsomayX的有一个坏处。
二、批驳观点式
A.一个错误观点。
B.我不同意。
Manypeoplearguethat错误观点。Bysayingthat,theymean对这个观点的进一步解释。Anexampletheyhavepresentedisthat一个例子。(AccordingtoasurveyperformedbyXonagroupofY,almost80%ofthem赞成这个错误观点或者受到这个错误观点的影响)。
Theremightbesomeelementoftruthinthesepeople’sbelief.Butifweconsideritindepth,wewillfeelnoreservationtoconcludethat与错误观点相反的观点。Thereareanumberofreasonsbehindmybelief.(以下参照辩论文的议论文写法)。
三、社会问题(现象)式
A.一个社会问题或者现象。
B.产生的原因
C.对社会和我们生活的影响
D.如何杜绝。(如果是问题的话)
E.前景的预测。
Nowadays,thereexistsanincreasinglyserioussocial/economic/environmentalproblem.(Xhasincreasinglybecomeacommonconcernofthepublic).Accordingtoasurvey,调查内容说明这种现象的情况(或者是一个例子)。
Thereareacoupleofreasonsboomingthisproblem/phenomenon.下面参照辩论式议论文的写法。
Xhascausedsubstantialimpactonthesocietyandourdailylife,whichhasbeenarticulated(表达)inthefollowingaspects.参照辩论式议论文的写法。
AdozenofmeasuresaresupposedtotaketopreventXfrombringingusmoreharm.参照辩论式议论文的写法。
Basedontheabovediscussions,Icaneasilyforecastthatmoreandmorepeoplewill……..
图表式作文
Itisobviousinthegraph/tablethattherate/number/amountofYhasundergonedramaticchanges.Ithasgoneup/grown/fallen/droppedconsiderablyinrecentyears(asXvaries).Atthepointof(接近)X1,Yreachesitspeakvalueof…(多少).
Whatisthereasonforthischange?Mainlythereare…(多少)reasonsbehindthesituationreflectedinthegraphic/table.Firstofall,…(第一个原因).Moreimportantly,…(第二个原因).Mostimportantofall,…(第三个原因).
Fromtheabovediscussions,wehaveenoughreasontopredictwhatwillhappeninthenearfuture.Thetrenddescribedinthegraph/tablewillcontinueforquitealongtime(ifnecessarymeasuresarenottaken括号里的使用于那些不太好的变化趋势).
辩论式议论文
模版1
Somepeoplebelieve(argue,recognize,think)that观点1.Butotherpeopletakeanoppositeside.Theyfirmlybelievethat观点2.Asforme,Iagreetotheformer/latteridea.
Thereareadozenofreasonsbehindmybelief.Firstofall,论据1.
Moreimportantly,论据2.
Mostimportantofall,论据3.
Insummary,总结观点.Asacollegestudent,Iamsupposedto表决心.
或Fromabove,wecanpredictthat预测.
模版2
PeopleholddifferentviewsaboutX.Somepeopleareoftheopinionthat观点1,whileotherspointoutthat观点2.AsfarasIamconcerned,theformer/latteropinionholdsmoreweight.
Foronething,论据1.
Foranother,论据2.
Lastbutnottheleast,论据3.
Toconclude,总结观点.Asacollegestudent,Iamsupposedto表决心.或Fromabove,wecanpredictthat预测.
模版3
Thereisnoconsensus一致ofopinionsamongpeopleaboutX(争论的焦点)。Somepeopleareoftheviewthat观点1，whileotherstakeanoppositeside,firmlybelievingthat观点2。AsfarasIamconcerned,theformer/latternotion(观念)ispreferableinmanysenses.Thereasonsareobvious.
Firstofall,论据1。
Furthermore,论据2。
Amongallofthesupportingevidences,oneisthestrongest.Thatis,论据3。
Anaturalconclusionfromtheabovediscussionisthat总结观点。
Asacollegestudent,Iamsupposedto表决心.或Fromabove,wecanpredictthat预测
常用句型：
1.表示原因
1)Therearethreereasonsforthis.
2)Thereasonsforthisareasfollows.
3)Thereasonforthisisobvious.
4)Thereasonforthisisnotfartoseek.
5)Thereasonforthisisthat...
6)Wehavegoodreasontobelievethat...
例：Therearethreereasonsforthechangesthathavetakenplaceinourlife.Firstly,people’slivingstandardhasbeengreatlyimproved.Secondly,mostpeoplearewellpaid,andtheycanaffordwhattheyneedorlike.Lastbutnotleast,moreandmorepeopleprefertoenjoymodernlife.
注：如考生写第一个句子没有把握，可将其改写成两个句子。如：Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinourlife.Therearethreereasonsforthis.这样写可以避免套用中的表达失误。
2.表示好处
1)Ithasthefollowingadvantages.
2)Itdoesusalotofgood.
3)Itbenefitsusquitealot.
4)Itisbeneficialtous.
5)Itisofgreatbenefittous.
例：Booksarelikefriends.Theycanhelpusknowtheworldbetter，andtheycanopenourmindsandwidenourhorizons.Therefore，readingextensivelyisofgreatbenefittous.
3.表示坏处
1)Ithasmoredisadvantagesthanadvantages.
2)Itdoesusmuchharm.
3)Itisharmfultous.
例：However,everythingdividesintotwo.Televisioncanalsobeharmfultous.Itcandoharmtoourhealthandmakeuslazyifwespendtoomuchtimewatchingtelevision.
常用句型：
1.表示事实、现状
1)Wecannotignorethefactthat...
2)Noonecandenythefactthat...
3)Thereisnodenyingthefactthat...
4)Thisisaphenomenonthatmanypeopleareinterestedin.
5)However,that’snotthecase.
例：Wecannotignorethefactthatindustrializationbringswithittheproblemsofpollution.Tosolvetheseproblems，wecanstartbyeducatingthepublicaboutthehazardsofpollution.Thegovernmentonitspartshouldalsodesignstricterlawstopromoteacleanerenvironment.
2.表示比较
1)ComparedwithA,B...
2)IprefertoreadratherthanwatchTV.
3)Thereisastrikingcontrastbetweenthem.
例：Comparedwithcars,bicycleshaveseveraladvantagesbesidesbeingaffordable.Firstly,theydonotconsumenaturalresourcesofpetrol.Secondly,theydonotcausethepollutionproblem.Lastbutnotleast,theycontributetopeople’shealthbygivingthemduephysicalexercise.
3.表示数量
1)Ithasincreased(decreased)from...to...
2)Thepopulationinthiscityhasnowincreased(decreased)to800,000.
3)TheoutputofJulyinthisfactoryincreasedby15%comparedwiththatofJanuary.
例：Withtheimprovementofthelivingstandard，theproportionofpeople’sincomespentonfoodhasdecreasedwhilethatspentoneducationhasincreased.
再如：Fromthegraphlistedabove，itcanbeseenthatstudentuseofcomputershasincreasedfromanaverageoflessthantwohoursperweekin1990to20hoursin2000.
