一、英语句型和短语有什么区别？
①
英语中短语有时也成为词组，主要有名词短语，动词短语，介词短语等，例如名词短语morning exercises(早操)，动词短语look at(看), take down(记下)等，介词短语in the evening (在傍晚)。
而句型则是用来构成句子的，比如强调句型It is/was...that...。也有It is said that...据说，等等。
②
第一个最根本的区别，句子必须有主语，有谓语。简单句的五种基本句型:主语+谓语。主语+谓语+宾语。主语+谓语+双宾语。主语+谓语+复合宾语(宾语+宾语补足语)主语+连系动词+表语。
由上可以看出，任何一个句子必须有主语有谓语(英语的谓语只能由动词充当)。
第二个最根本的区别，句子必须有标点符号。
二、英语中什么是句型，什么是短语，它们有什么区别,怎样去区别？
英语中的句型由主语+谓语+宾语组成，最简单的也要有主语和谓语，而且一个句子是有标点符号的；短语相对来说就没有标点符号，大多是出现在一个句子中。
三、英语固定词组和句型搭配？
初中英语常见固定搭配
（一）加-ing
enjoy / like doing sth 喜欢做---- spend....(in) doing sth 在做---花费---
try doing 试着做------ be busy doing sth 忙于做------
finish doing sth 完成做---- look forward to + doing sth 期待做----(现在进行时)
be doing 正在做--- Thank you for (doing) sth 为了--感谢你
（二）加-to
decide to do sth 决定去做----- ask (sb)to do 要求(某人)去做----
It’s+adj +to do sth . 做---(怎么样) would like / want to do 想要做-----
It takes sb sometime to do sth在做----花费----
（三）加 原形
let / make sb do sth 让某人做某事 be going to / will do sth （一般将来时态）
（四）加-to 或-ing意思不同
forget doing 忘记做过了-----(已做) remember doing记得做过了-----(已做)
forget to do 忘记去做------(还没做) remember to do记得去做------(还没做)
（五）加-to 或-ing意思相同
begin / start to do sth = begin / start doing sth开始做------
(六) （A）动词+ 介词
agree with同意....的意见(想法)；符合 help ... with ...帮助(某人)做(某事)
listen to听... get to到达.... fall off (从......)掉下
base on以....(为)根据 knock at /on敲(门、窗) laugh at嘲笑
learn.. from 向...学习 live on继续存在；靠...生活
look after照顾，照看 look at看；观看 look for寻找
look like看起来像 pay for (sth.)付钱；支付 point at指示；指向
point to指向.... prefer to ...宁愿(选择);更喜欢
quarrel with (和某人)吵架 regard...as ...把....当作....；当作 stop...from阻止.....做..... talk about说话；谈话；谈论
talk with与......交谈 think about考虑 think of认为；想起
B)动词+ 副词
ask for请求；询问 carry on坚持下去；继续下去 cut down砍倒
clean up清除；收拾干净 come down下来；落 come along来；随同
come in进来 come on来吧；跟着来；赶快
come over过来；顺便来访 come out出来；出现；(花)开；发(芽)
drop off放下(某物)；下车 eat up吃光；吃完
fall behind落在......后面；输给别人 fall down跌倒；从......落下
find out查出(真相) get back回来；取回
get down下来；落下；把......取下来 get off下来；从......下来
get on上(车) get up起床 give up放弃 go on继续 go out出去 go over过一遍；仔细检查 grow up长大；成长
hand in交上来 hurry up赶快 hold on (口语)等一等；(打电话时)不挂断 look out留神；注意 look over (仔细)检查 look up向上看；抬头看
pass on传递；转移到.... pick up拾起；捡起 put away放好；把....收起来
put on穿上；戴上；(戏剧等)上演；放(唱片）等 put down把(某物)放下来 put up挂起；举起 run away流失；逃跑；逃走 rush out冲出去
set off出发；动身；启程 send up发射；把......往上送 shut down把......关上
sit down坐下 slow down减缓；减速 take off脱掉(衣服)
take out取出 throw about乱丢；抛撒 trip over (被......)绊倒
try on试穿(衣服、鞋等)；试戴(帽子等) try out试验；尝试
turn down关小；调低 turn on打开(电灯、收音机、煤气、自来水）等
turn off关(电灯、收音机、煤气、自来水等) turn over (使)翻过来
wake up醒来 wear out把......穿旧；磨坏 work out算出；制订出 write down写下....
C) be + 形容词+ 介词
be angry with对(某人)发脾气 be interested in对......感兴趣
be able to能；会 be afraid of害怕 be amazed at对......感到惊讶
be excited about对......感到兴奋 be filled with用......充满 be full of充满......的 be good at =do well in在....方面做得好；善于
be late for迟到 be made in在......生产或制造 be made of由....组成；由....
be pleased with对......感到满意 be proud of以......自豪/高兴 be used for用于
D)动词+ 名词/ 代词
beg one´s pardon请原谅；对不起 do morning exercises做早操
do one´s homework做作业 enjoy oneself =have a good time过得快乐；玩得愉快 give a concert开音乐会 go boating去划船 go fishing去钓鱼
go hiking去徒步旅行 go skating去滑冰 go shopping (去)买东西
have a cold (患)感冒 have a cough (患)咳嗽 have a headache (患)头痛
have a try尝试；努力 have a look看一看 have a rest休息
have a seat (= take a seat ) 就坐；坐下 have sports进行体育活动
have supper吃晚餐 hear of听说 hold a sports meeting举行运动会
make a decision作出决定 make a mistake犯错误 make a noise吵闹
make faces做鬼脸 make friends交朋友 make money赚钱
take one´s place坐某人的座位；代替某人的职务
teach oneself (=learn by oneself ) 自学 watch TV看电视 take photos照相 take time花费(时间) take turns轮流
E)动词+ 名词/ 代词/ 副词+ 介词
catch up with赶上 come up with找到；提出(答案、解决办法等)
get on well with与......相处融洽 give birth to生(孩子)
help yourself / yourselves to自取；随便吃 make room for给.....腾出地方
play a joke on戏弄人；对人恶作剧 speak highly of称赞
say good bye to告别；告辞 take an active part in积极参加
take care of照顾；照料；注意
F)其他类型
be awake醒着的 be born出生 be busy doing忙着做
come true实现 do one´s best尽最大努力 fall asleep睡觉；入睡
go home回家 go on doing (sth.)继续做某事；尽力 get married结婚
get together相聚 go straight along 沿着...一直往前走 had better (do)最好(做...) keep doing sth.一直做某事 make sure确保；确认；查明
make up one´s mind下决心
初中英语语法大全(固定搭配)
1 (see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、 look at 感官动词)+do eg:I like watching monkeys jump
2 （比较级 and 比较级） 表示越来越怎么样
3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟（容易）
4 agree with sb 赞成某人
5 all kinds of 各种各样 a kind of 一样
6 all over the world = the whole world 整个 世界
7 along with同…一道，伴随…
eg : I will go along with you我将和你一起去
The students planted trees along with their teachers.
学生同老师们一起种树
8 as soon as 一怎么样就怎么样 9 as you can see 你是知道的
10 ask for ……求助 向…要…（直接接想要的东西） eg : ask you for my book
11 ask sb for sth 向某人要什么
12 ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事 ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事
13 at the age of 在……岁时 eg：I am sixteen. =I am at the age of sixteen.
14 at the beginning of …… ……的起初；……的开始
15 at the end of +地点/+时间 最后；尽头；末尾 eg : At the end of the day.
16 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候
17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +从句 感觉/对什么有信心，自信
eg : I am / feel confident of my spoken English.
I feel that I can pass the test.
18、 be + doing 表：1 现在进行时 2 将来时
I am watching now. I am going to the zoo tomorrow.
19 be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原） 能够……
eg : She is able to sing She can sing
20 be able to do sth 能够干什么 eg :She is able to sing.
21 be afraid to do /of sth 恐惧，害怕……
eg : I'm afraid to go out at night. I'm afraid of dog.
22 be allowed to do 被允许做什么
eg: I'm allowed to watch TV.我被允许看电视。
I should be allowed to watch TV. 我应该被允许看电视。
23 be angry with sb 生某人的气 eg : Don't be angry with me.
24 be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 为什么而生某人的气
25 be as…原级…as 和什么一样 eg : She is as tall as me. 她和我一样高。
26 be ashamed to对…感到羞耻 27 be away from 远离、从……离开
28、be bad for 对什么有害 eg : Reading books in the sun is bad for your eyes. 在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好
29 be born 出生于 30 be busy doing sth 忙于做什么事
31、be busy with sth 忙于…… 32 be careful 当心；小心
33 be different from…… 和什么不一样 34 be famous for 以……著名
35、be famous as 作为……著名 36 be friendly to sb 对某人友好
37 be from = come from 来自 eg ：He is from Bejing.= He comes from Bejing. Is he from Bejing ? Does he come from Bejing ?
38 be full of 装满……的 be filled with 充满
eg: The glass is full of water.=The glass is filled with water.
39 be glad to+do/从句 40 be going to + v(原） 将来时
41 be good at(+doing) = do well in 在某方面善长, 善于……
42 be good for 对什么有好处 eg : Reading aloud is good for your English.
43 be happy to do 很高兴做某事 44 be helpful to sb 对某人有好处
eg : Reading aloud is helpful to you 大声朗读对你有好处。
Exercising is helpful to your body. 锻炼对你的身体有好处。
45 be in good health 身体健康
46 be in trouble 处于困难中 eg : She is in trouble. They are in trouble.
47 be interested in 对某方面感兴趣
48 be late for = come late to 迟到 eg: Be late for class 上课迟到
49 be like 像…… eg : I'm like my mother.
50 be mad at 生某人的气
51 be made from 由……制成(制成以后看不见原材料)
52 be made of 由……制成(制成以后还看得见原材料)
53 be not sure 表不确定 54 be on a visit to 参观
55 be popular with sb 受某人欢迎 56 be quiet 安静
57 be short for 表**的缩写 eg: 陶 is short for 陶俊杰
58 be sick in bed 生病在床
59 be sorry to do sth做某事很抱歉 I am sorry to trouble you.
be sorry for sb 跟某人道歉，跟某人说对不起eg: I am sorry for you.
60 be sorry to hear that很遗憾听到
61 be sorry to trouble sb eg : I am sorry to trouble you.
62 be strict in doing sth 严于做某事 eg : He's strict in obeying rules.
63 be strict with sb 对某人要求严格 eg: Some students are not strict with themselves 这些学生对自己不严格
64 be strict with sb in sth 某方面对某人严格
65 be supposed to do 被要求干什么
66 be sure 表确定
67 be sure of doing sth 对做某事有信心
eg: He is sure of winning. I am sure of learning English well.
68 be sure of sth 对做某事有信心
eg: I'm sure of my head (my teacher 我相信我的大脑（老师）
69 be sure that sth 对做某事有信心
eg: I'm sure that he can pass the test. 我相信他能通过考试。
70 be sure to do sth一定会做某事
eg: We are sure to pass the test. 我们一定会通过这次考试。
We are sure to learn English well. 我们一定能学好英语。
71 be terrified of + 名/动doing 害怕……
72 be terrified to do sth 害怕做某事
73 be the same as … 和什么一样
74 be used to doing sth 习惯做某事
eg: My father is used to getting up early. 我爸爸习惯早。
He is used to sleeping in class 他习惯上课睡觉
75 be worth doing 值得做什么
76 be(feel) afraid to do sth 害怕做某事 be afraid of sth 害怕某物
be afraid that 丛句
77 because+句子 because of +短语
eg : He was late because he had a headache.
He was late because of his headache.
78 begin to do = start to do 开始做某事
start…with…=begin…with… 以什么开始什么
eg : Let's begin the game with the song. I begin to go home.
79 between…and… 两者之间
80 borrow sth from sb 向……借……
lend sth to sb ( lend sb sth 借给……什么东西
eg : I borrowed a pen from him. He lent a pen to me. ( He lent me a pen.）
81 both = the same(as) = not different(from) 表相同
82 bother 打扰 bother sb to do sth
eg : I'm sorry to bother you ,but can you tell me to way to the station.
我十分道歉打扰你，但是你能告诉我怎么去车站
The problem has been bothering me for weeks 这个问题困扰了我几个周了
He's bothering me to lend him money
83 by the end of 到……为止 84.call sb sth eg : We call him old Wang.
85 catch up with sb 赶上某人 86 chat with sb 和某人闲谈
87. take sb to + 地点 带某人去某地
88. come in 进 89. come over to 过来
90. come up with 提出
eg: Can you come up with a good idea? 你能想出一个好办法吗？
91 communicate with sb 和某人交流
92 consider + doing 考虑做什么
eg : Why not consider going to Lu Zhou? 为什么不考虑去泸州？
93 dance to 随着……跳舞
eg : She likes dancing to the music. 她喜欢随着音乐跳舞
94 decide to do sth 决定做某事 95 do a survey of 做某方面的调查
96 do better in 在……方面做得更好
97 do wrong 做错 98 don't forget to do sth 不要忘了做某事
99 Don't mind +doing /从句 /名词 不要介意……
100.each +名（单）每一个…
eg : Each student has many books. 每一个学生都有一些书
101 end up +doing 102 enjoy +doing喜欢
103 escape from 从……逃跑
eg: The prisoners have escaped from the prison.犯人从监狱里逃跑出来
104 expect to do sth 期待做某事
105 fall down 摔下来 fall off 从哪摔下来
106 fall in love with sb /sth 爱上什么
107 far from 离某地远 eg : The school is far from my home.
108 find +it +adj +to do 发现做某事怎么样
109 find sb/sth +adj 发现什么怎么样
eg : I find the book interesting.
110 finish 完成+doing（名词）
111 fit to sb = be fit for sb 适合某人
112 forget to do 没有做而忘了 forget doing 做了而又忘了
eg: Don't forget to go home. I forget closing door.
113 from…to… 从某某到某某 eg: From me for her.
114 get a part-time job= find a part-time job 找到一份兼职工作
115 get along well with sb = get on well with sb 与某人相处得好
116 get along with sb = get on with sb 与某人相处
117 get ready for = be ready for为什么而准备
eg : I get ready for the math test.I am ready for the math test.
118 get sb into trouble 使某人陷入困境
119 get sb to do sth 使某人做某事
120 get…from… 从某处得到某物
121 give a talk 做报告 eg: He is give a talk.
122 give sth to sb =give sb sth 给某人某物
123 go fishing 钓鱼 go swimming 游泳
124 go on to do 去做下一件事 go on doing 继续做这件事
125 go to school 上学（学生）go to the school 去学校（不一定是学生）
126 a good way to 好方法
127 hate to do 讨厌没做过的事 hate doing 讨厌做过的事
128 have a party for sb 举办谁的晚会 129 have a talk 听报告 谈一谈
131 have been to …( 地方）……去过某过地方
have gone to …（地方） 去了某地还没回来
132 have fun +doing 玩得高兴
133 have sth to do 有什么事要做
eg: I have a lot of homework to do. 我有很多家庭作业要做
I have nothing to do. 我没什么事情做
134 have to do sth 必须做某事
135 have trouble (problem) (in) doing sth 做什么事情有麻烦
137 have…(时间)…off 放……假 eg: I have a month off. 我放一个月假
138 hear sb +do/doing 听见某人做某事/正在做某事
139 help a lot 很大用处
140 help sb with sth \\one's sth 帮助某人某事（某方面）
help sb (to) do sth 帮助某人做某事
141 hope to do sth 希望做某事
142 How about(+doing)？ = What about(+doing)？做某事怎么样？
143 How do you like…? = What do you think of…? 你对什么的看法
144 if : 是否＝wether
eg: I don't know if (wether) I should go to the party 我不知道我是否应该去参加晚会。
He don't know if (wether) we will arrive on time tomorrow morning 他不知道我们明天早上是否能准时到达。
145 if :如果，假如（全部接一般时态）＋条件语态从句
eg: I'll go to LuZhou if it does't rain. 假如明天不下雨，我就去泸州
If they change the plan they will let me know. 假如他们要改变计划，他们会让我知道的
I'll go to England ,if I have enough money next year. 如果我明年由足够的钱，我就要去英国
146 in one's opinion = sb think 某人认为
147 in some ways 在某些方面
148 in the end = finally(adv) 最后
149 in the north of… 什么在什么的北方（north 北 south 南 west 西 east 东）
150 in the sun 在太阳下
151 instead of +（名 ） 代替
eg: I'd like an apple instead of a pear. 我想要苹果，而不要梨子
I like English instead of math. 我喜欢英语而不喜欢数学
152 introduce sb to sb 介绍某人给某人 introduce oneself 自我介绍
153 invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事
154 It takes sb sometime to do sth 做某人花掉某人多少时间
eg : It took me 5 minutes to do my homework.
It takes me half an hour to cook .
155 It's +adj +for sb to do sth 对某人来说做某事怎么样
156 It's +adj +to do 做某事怎么样
157 It's +adj for sb 对于某人来说怎么样
It's +adj of sb 对某人来说太怎么样
158 It's +adj(for sb) to do（对某人来说） 做某事怎么样
It's +adj of sb to do sth 对某人来说做某事太怎么样
eg : It's nice of you to help me with my English
159 It's a good idea for sb to do sth 对…… 来说是个好主意
160 It's important to sb 对某人来说很重要 eg: It's important to me.
161 It's time to do sth =It's time for sth 到了该去做某事的时间
eg : It's time to have class.= It's time for class. 该去上课了
162 join = take part in 参加
163 just now 刚才
164 keep +sb /sth +adj /介词短语 让什么保持什么样？
165 keep out 不让 …… 进入
166 keep sb adj 让……保持…… keep healthy 保持健康
eg: I want to keep my mother happy.我想让妈妈保持健康。
167 key to +名词 表示：某物的钥匙或某题的答案
168 key to… answer to … key 可以是答题或钥匙
169 laugh at… 取笑……
eg : Don't laugh at others. We laughed at the joke.
170 learn by oneself自学
171 learn from sb 向某人学习 eg: We should learn from Lei Feng.
172 learn to do sth 学做某事 173 let sb do sth 让某人做某事
174 Let sb down 让某人失望
eg ： We shouldn't let our parents down. 我们不应该让我们的父母失望
175 live in +大地方 /at +小地方 居住在某地
eg: I live in LuZhou. She lives at XuanTan
176look after = take care of 照顾 照看
177 lose one's way 谁 迷 路 eg : Lose your way 你迷路
178 make a decision to do sth 决定做某事
179 make friends with sb 和谁成为朋友
eg : I want to make friends with you.
180 make it early 把时间定的早一点
181 make an exhibition of oneself 让某人出洋相
182 make sb /n +n 使什么成为什么
eg : I made her my step mother. I made you my wife.
183 make sb /sth +adj 使某人（某物）怎么样
eg : You must made your bed clean.
184 make sb /sth adj 使某人/某物怎么样
185 make sb do sth 让某人做某事 eg : I made him write. 我以前让他写。
186 make up，be made up of (被动语态）由……组成
187 mind sb to do， mind one's doing 介意……做什么
188 most +名 ，most of +代
189 much too +形容词
190 need sb do sth 需要某人做某事
191 need to do (实义动词） need do (情态动词）
192 not…… anymore = no more 再也不……
eg: He didn't cry any more. He cried no more. 他再也不哭。
重点句型
1、 …as soon as… 一… 就…
Mary一见到她弟弟就会告诉他这个消息。
Mary will tell her brother this message as soon as she sees him.
我们一到那儿就去爬山了。
We went climbing as soon as we arrived / got / reached there.
2、 as + adj./adv.+ as… …和…一样（的 / 地）…
not as(so)…as… …不如 / 不比 … ….
李雷和吉母跑得一样快。 Li Lei runs as fast as Jim.
约翰和你的年龄不一样大。 John is not as (so) old as you.
这部电视剧不如那部有趣。(TV series)
This TV series is not as (so) interesting as that one.
3、 as +adj./adv.+ as possible 尽可能 … 的 / 地 …
我们在英语课上应该尽可能地多讲英语。
We should speak English as much as possible in English class.
你能不能尽可能慢一些读这个句子？
Can you read the sentence as slowly as possible?
4、 ask sb for sth 向某人要求某物
你迷路时，你可以向警察需求帮助。
When you get lost, you can ask the police for help.
一些学生经常向父母要钱去玩电子游戏。(video games)
Some students often ask their parents for money to play video games.
他向父母要一辆自行车作为生日礼物。
He asked his parents for a bicycle as his birthday present.
5、 ask/ tell sb. (how) to do sth 询问 / 告诉 某人如何做某事
许多学生经常问老师如何才能学好英语。
Many students often ask their teachers how to learn English well.
让我来告诉你如何发邮件。
Let me tell you how to send an e-mail.
6、 ask / tell /want sb (not) to do sth. 要求（让）/ 告诉 / 想要某人做（不做）某事
护士告诉我服用此药需一日三次，饭后服用。
The nurse told me to take this medicine three times a day after meals.
老师经常告诉我要更加努力地学习。
The teacher often tells me to study harder.
他让我不要再犯同样的错误。
He asked me not to make the same mistake again.
7、 make/ let /have sb. (not) do sth 使 / 让 某人做（不做）某事
他使得孩子哭得很厉害。He made the child cry loudly.
昨天他使我在影院门口等了很长时间。
He made me wait for long (for a long time) at the gate of the cinema yesterday.
直到我们做完了作业,妈妈才让我们去玩球。
Mother didn’t let us play football until we finished our homework.
那个老板迫使工人们每天工作10小时。
That boss made the workers work (for) ten hours a day.
8、 be afraid of doing / to do/that 害怕 / 不敢 做某事
这个小女孩不敢晚上出去。The little girl is afraid to go out in the evening / at night.
他害怕独自呆在家里。He is afraid of staying at home alone.
许多人担心他们会失去工作。（be afraid that）
Many people are afraid that they will lose their jobs.
9、 be busy with sth. / doing sth. 忙于某事 / 做某事
现在学生们忙于准备考试。 Now students are busy preparing for the exams.
昨天下午妈妈都在忙着做家务。（两种）
Mother was busy with housework yesterday afternoon.
Mother was busy doing housework yesterday afternoon.
10、 be famous / late /ready / sorry for sth.
因…而著名 / （做）…迟到了 / 晚了 / 为…准备 / 为… 而抱歉
如果你不快点，你就会上班迟到。If you don’t hurry, you will be late for work.
杭州以丝绸而出名。 Hangzhou is famous for silk.
我们已经准备好迎接奥运会了。 We have been ready for the Olympic Games.
我为我的错误而抱歉。 I am sorry for my mistake.
11、 be glad that 很高兴…
我很高兴你能来参加晚会。I am very glad that you can come to the evening party.
老师很高兴我们班得了第一名。
The teacher was very glad that our class was the first / won the first prize.
12、 give/ show/ bring/ lend/ send/ pass/ tell / offer sth to sb
buy/give/ show/ send/ pass/ bring/ lend/ tell sb. sth
给某人某物；给某人看某物；给某人带来某物；借给某人某物；送给某人某物；递给某人某物；把某事告诉给某人；主动给某人某物
请递给我一张纸。 Please pass me a piece of paper. =Please pass a piece of paper to me.
请把你的画给我看看。 Please show me your picture. =Please show your picture to me
他借给我一辆自行车。 He lent me a bike. =He lent a bike to me.
别忘了下次来给我带点儿钱。
Don’t forget to bring me some money when you come here next time.
= Don’t forget to bring some money to me when you come here next time.
13、 either…or… 或… 或…, 不是… 就是…, 要么…要么…
不是你，就是他是对的。Either you or he is right. V. 就近原则
每个周末，我们要么去公园，要么呆在家
